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Viagra (Sildenafil citrate), which millions of men take for erectile dysfunction (ED), reduces the effects of hormonal stress on the heart by half, according to a study published online in the journal Circulation. Viagra causes genital blood vessels to expand, which helps in maintaining an erection. Recent research also has pointed to its potential usefulness in treating pulmonary hypertension. Prior to the latest findings by a team of Johns Hopkins researchers, it was thought to have little effect on the heart. Viagra, or sildenafil, blunts the strengthened heart beat caused by chemically induced stress, according to study senior author and cardiologist David Kass, MD, a professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and its Heart Institute. It thereby lessens both the excess amount of blood and the force used to pump it to the body. "Sildenafil effectively puts a 'brake' on chemical stimulation of the heart," says Kass. Prevents and Reverses Effects of High BP These findings are believed to be the first confirmation in humans that Viagra has a direct effect on the heart. In earlier research, Kass and his team observed a similar effect in mice; Sildenafil blocked the short-term effects of hormonal stress in the heart. Related studies by the group show that sildenafil also prevents and reverses the long-term effects of chronic high blood pressure on the heart. Sildenafil reversed the negative effects on heart muscle weakened by heart failure and enlargement -- a condition called hypertrophy -- in mouse experiments Kass and his team carried out earlier this year. They reported their results in the journal Nature Medicine. "But we had no firm evidence as to whether or how this therapy might work in the human heart," says Kass. "Our latest research provides firm evidence this drug does indeed have an important impact on the heart." Increased Heartbeat Was Slowed Thirty-five healthy men and women, with an average age of 30 and no previous signs of coronary artery disease, participated in the six-month Johns Hopkins study. Within a three-hour timeframe, each participant received two separate injections of dobutamine (5 micrograms per kilogram for five minutes), a synthetic, adrenaline-like chemical that increases heart rate and pumping strength. Between injections, study participants were assigned randomly to a group that was treated with sildenafil (100 milligrams taken orally) or to a group given a sugar pill placebo. All participants then were given the second dobutamine injection to see what effects sildenafil or placebo had on the heart. Measurements of heart function were made before and after each injection. These included blood pressure readings, electrocardiograms and echocardiograms. Blood samples confirmed relatively equal levels of sildenafil and other enzymes. Each dobutamine injection stimulated heart function, increasing heart rate and the force of each heartbeat used to pump blood throughout the body, results showed. "This stimulation is similar to the way the nervous system normally increases heart function when triggered by emotional or exercise stress, or in diseases such as heart failure," notes Kass. After the first injection of dobutamine, the force of heart contraction increased by 150 percent in both groups. In the placebo group, this increase repeated itself after the second injection. However, in the group treated with sildenafil, the increased heartbeat was slowed by 50 percent, resulting in a smaller increase in blood flow and blood pressure generated by the heart in response to chemical stimulation. Between injections, heart function was not altered in the sildenafil group, demonstrating the absence of adverse side effects on the resting human heart. Stops PDE5A Action "Knowing more about the effects of sildenafil on heart function will allow for safer evaluation of its use as a treatment for heart problems," says Kass. "Our results set the stage for further studies of sildenafil's immediate and long-term effects on the heart and its ability to modify other neurohormonal and stress stimuli, including adrenaline and hypertension," he adds. While the precise biological actions of sildenafil in the heart are not fully understood, the drug is known to work by stopping the action of an enzyme, called phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5A), Kass explains. This enzyme is involved in the breakdown of a key molecule, cyclic GMP, which helps control stresses and limit overgrowth in the heart. PDE5A is also the biological pathway that sildenafil blocks in the penis to prevent the relaxation of blood vessels and thus maintain erections. Copyright 2005 Daily News Central herbal penis enlargment pills vimax penis enlargement surgery photo best enlarement exercise penis free penis enlarement tip pennis enlargement result penis elargement exercise pennis enlargement tool natural penis enlarement technique

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For many women, the size of their breasts causes constant self-consciousness. Breast enlargement provides many women with the boost in self-confidence that they need by giving them the body shape they want or need. “I help many women achieve their appearance goals,” says Dr. Reid in Austin, Texas. “Breast enlargement allows many women to walk taller, smile more, and be more confident.” As women age, the size of their breasts can change, age can affect skin elasticity, and gravity can cause breasts to sag. Also, after pregnancy and breast-feeding, a woman’s breasts may not return to the size and shape they once were. Some women never develop breasts proportionate to the rest of their body. Having breasts that are too small can make a woman self-conscious about the way they look when they are in public, and clothes may not fit correctly. Also, women can have asymmetrical breasts that can cause them to be very self-conscious. When a woman has one breast that develops significantly more than the other, it can cause serious self-consciousness. Breast enlargement can correct all of these problems and provide women who suffer from being too self-conscious a much-needed boost in self-confidence. Women who are self-conscious about the size of their breasts should contact an experienced breast enlargement plastic surgeon. During your initial consultation, your plastic surgeon will discuss with you what problems you have with your breasts. After determining what goals you would like to reach through breast enlargement, your plastic surgeon will be able to prescribe a breast enlargement treatment that will correct you problems. Often times, women choose to increase their breast size so that they are more proportionate to the size of their body. Other times, women want to restore their breasts so that they are returned to their original size after breast-feeding, growing older, or pregnancy. Candidates for breast enlargement surgery are almost any women who are unhappy with the appearance of their breasts. Breast enlargement surgery is a way to provide breasts with improved shape, size, and firmness so that women can be happy about the way they look. penis enlargment exercise penis enhancement program free natural pnis enlargement penis enlargement doctor com enlargement penis penis pump herbal natural penis enlargement vimax review penis enhancement testimonials vimax penis enlargement program

What exactly are stretch marks and can they be treated? Yes, stretch marks can be treated, but, before we get to the methods of treatment, let’s first understand what stretch marks are. Stretch marks, also known as stria atrophica or striae distensae or as it’s known during pregnancy, striae gravidarum, are caused by tearing in the skin and its underlying connective tissue. These marks occur as a result of direct trauma or stretching due to the enlargement of muscle or adipose(fat) tissue. Now, the skin has three different layers. The top layer is known as the epidermis, the middle, elastic layer is called the dermis, and the deepest layer is called the subcutaneous layer. Stretch marks actually occur in the elastic dermis layer. As underlying tissue enlarges due to sudden and drastic weight gain, the dermis is stretched too far too quickly and its connective fibers break, thus, leaving some microscopic bleeding and inflammation that quickly evolve into the dreaded stretch marks. At first, stretch marks appear slightly raised and pink, reddish brown, or dark brown lines that then turn purple or violet. Over time, these lines will lose their color and will turn almost silvery in comparison to your normal skin tone. marks often appear where the body often chooses to store its fat. So, in other words, places like the abdomen, the breasts, the upper arms, thighs, and buttocks are all prime targets for stretch marks. Although, they may look unappealing, stretch marks pose no sort of health risk and treatment is only sought for cosmetic reasons. With that said, what are some of the recommended approaches in preventing stretch marks or getting rid of the ones that you already have? First of all, let’s start with the diet that one should be eating. You need to make sure that your diet is supplying enough vitamins C and E as well as the minerals, zinc and silica. All of these have been known to help form collagen among other things that could help eliminate and prevent stretch marks keep your skin healthy. Another option that is more costly, but more effective, is getting a prescription for a Retin-A cream which is derived from Vitamin A and is applied to the problem areas. It has been shown to reduce the prominence of stretch marks, but pregnant women are strongly advised not to use such creams since the high vitamin A content can greatly affect a developing fetus. Furthermore, science isn’t even quite sure how Retin-A affects breast milk content. Still, the cream is effective when used properly. According to one study, Retin-A cream actually reduced the length of stretch marks by 14% and the width by 8%. In another study, Retin-A contributed to a 20% reduction in stretch mark length. Costlier still is the option of laser therapy. According to the American Society of Dermatological Surgery, a surgeon will use different lasers for different colors of stretch mark. One of the lasers reduces the dark pigmentation of the stretch mark while another stimulates pigmentation with the cells that have already turned a light silvery color. There is even a newer type of laser therapy that stimulates the cells to produce more collagen and help restore the elasticity in the dermis. However, it is unlikely that your health insurance plan will cover such procedures. So, be aware of the price tag. Stretch marks are a part of life that many will have to learn deal with, but there is hope if the embarrassment of showing your skin is too great. Let’s approach treatment in a stair-step fashion. First, begin with the easiest approach by eating more fruits and vegetables and drinking more water. Also, supplement your diet with a good multivitamin. If that is not enough, then look into finding a reputable dermatologist to prescribe you some Retin-A cream. For many, this is enough to restore the much needed confidence to pull out that old, dusty bathing suit once and for all. But, if you want the best results possible and money happens to grow on trees, then look into a good cosmetic surgeon and see what can be offered in the way of laser therapy. free exercise tip for penis elargement best enlagement exercise penis pnis enlargement traction device home penis enlargement penile enlargment doctor medical penis enlarement penis enhancement pills product penis enlargement surgery cost vimax penis enlargement program

With an ex-Presidential candidate as its pitchman, more mentions on late-night talk shows than Joan Embry and the dubious honor of being the world’s top pharmaceutical treatment for impotence, few drugs in history have been more in the public eye more than Viagra – or gotten more attention for affecting the public's eyes. Along with its impact below the belt, Viagra (Sildenafil Citrate) is well-documented to cause retinal dysfunction lasting several hours after it is taken. Most commonly, it causes increased light sensitivity, blurring, and a bluish tint or haze to vision in many men who take the medication. Since receiving FDA approval in March 1998, Viagra has been prescribed more than 22 million times in the U.S. alone and is available in 90 other countries, according to manufacturer Pfizer. Here’s what you need know about Viagra and your vision: Who is most likely to get ocular side effects? Viagra is available in three prescribed doses – 25, 50 and 100 mg pills. Side effects are usually dose-related, meaning the greater the dosage, the greater the risk. According to reports by Pfizer and subsequent studies, ocular side effects occur in: About 3 percent of men taking doses of 25-50 mg About 11 percent taking 100 mg doses About 50 percent of men taking 200 mg Nearly all men taking 600 to 800 mg. Why does Viagra cause vision changes? Viagra is effective on erectile dysfunction because it inhibits phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5), an enzyme that enhances the effects of nitric oxide, which is released during sexual stimulation to relax the smooth muscle of the penis and facilitate blood inflow. However, the drug also has a milder inhibiting effect on PDE-6, an enzyme actively present in retinal photoreceptors. This causes an increase in the concentration of cyclicGMP, resulting in a depolarization of the rod cell – and increased light sensitivity and the infamous "blue vision." When do side effects occur? The side effects are short-lived and generally peak within 1-2 hours after the drug is taken. What is the long-term vision damage? Hard to say, since the drug has been on the market for only a few years. So far, no long-term retinal damage has been reported, but then again, long-term electroretinograms (ERG) have not been done, says Michael F. Marmor, MD, a Stanford retinal specialist who has published studies on the ophthalmic effects of Viagra. He believes the drug could conceivably result in lasting damage to photoreceptors, so he recommends that you avoid it if you have macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa or other retinal disease. (Meanwhile, Viagra's own label issues warnings to patients with existing AMD or retinitis pigmentosa because they were not studied in past clinical trials.) penis elargement before and after picture enlargement penis pills vimax penis elargement excersizes free exercise tip for penis enhancement penile enlargment surgery cost vimax penis enlargement without pills natural pnis enlargement pills penis enlagement surgery cost vimax penis enlargement program

There is a new restaurant in Beijing - a specialty penis restaurant. Their fare includes penises that once dangled proud and strong from yaks and oxen, seals and dogs, horses and donkeys. You name it, they have it! I am mostly a vegetarian but I am planning a trip to Beijing soon and I am not taking my wife with me. She's an absolute vegan. When she was last here in China she was shocked when our companion stopped mid-track and slapped the trunk of a tree, picked out a dead insect that looked like a cricket and promptly dispatched it's edible portions into his mouth. He looked happy and said it was delicious but my wife! She was shocked. Later, he took us to a restaurant where stir-fried crickets were the specialty of the house. We couldn't say no as our companion was hosting two Germans, as well, who were willing to try anything. The restaurant floor was stacked inches deep with left overs of crickets, their shells and the like. If that was bad for my wife Beijing would be murder. China Daily described the restaurant as being 'situated in an elegantly restored house beside Beijing's West Lake'. Penises or testicles are a part of every dish at restaurant. Of course, one has the option of choosing one's favourite - yes, penis! Chinese cuisine, developed over thousands of years, considers not only taste and appearance but also the medicinal value of food. Traditional Chinese Medicine has long relied on animal body parts to heal and give health and vigour. Eating penises (penes) is believed to increase the yang essence or virility. It's believed to be good for both men and women. But, testicles! They're for men only, unless women are game for an extra dose of testosterone. However, testicles are believed to be good for the skin and women interested in adding that extra sheen can venture to try some. For first-timers, the recommended dish is a huoguo or a hotpot, a dish filled with chicken stock and a sampling of six different penises. The restaurant boasts trained waitresses and also a nutritionist, ready to explain the medicinal value of different foods to ignorant or curious clients. The restaurant 'showpieces', the imaginatively named "Head crowned with a Jade Bracelet" (from Xinjiang horses) and "Dragon in the Flame of Desire" (yak - steamed, fried and flambeed) priced at US$ 35 (RMB 280) and US$ 50 (RMB 400) respectively, don't come cheap in a country where some families survive on less than that for a month. But, gourmet penis dining is not for the ordinary folk. But, if this sounds expensive, a portion of Canadian seal's penis (advance order booking necessary), at US$ 380 (RMB 3000) will leave you poor indeed! Beijing, here I come! (I hope my wife did not hear that!)